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Education: Schools, Colleges, and Alternative Provision

Whether you work in a school, college, alternative provision or education policy, our job is to make it easy to know what works to prevent children’s involvement in violence and help you make it happen.

At the Youth Endowment Fund, we aim to prevent children from being drawn into violence. Any credible plan to reduce violence has to recognise that children rely on seven essential sectors to be safe, one of which is education. In each sector we are working with delivery organisations and system leaders to better understand and deliver on the changes most likely to reduce violence.  

There is so much we can all do to keep children safe. Our job is to make it easy to know what works and to help you to make it happen, whether you work in a school, college or Alternative Provision setting or in education policy or government. 

Why we focus on schools, colleges, and alternative provision

  • Education settings can provide safe, trusted spaces for children. In 2024, 82% of 13–17-year-olds across England and Wales said they felt safe at school, while only 5% believed school to be unsafe.
  • Education settings can offer evidence-based support to reduce children’s involvement in violence. Where resources are available, these settings can offer mentoring, sports, social and emotional skills development, relationship violence prevention activities and more. These activities can help keep children safe from violence.
  • Education settings safeguard children by identifying problems, providing support and signposting to specialist help. As the one service that all children should interact with, they are well-placed to notice issues early and provide well-informed responses.

Toolkit evidence for schools, colleges, and alternative provision

The YEF Toolkit brings together the best available research on approaches commonly used in education settings to reduce children’s involvement in violence.

It supports school leaders and practitioners to assess what works in keeping children safe and engaged, compare interventions (including school exclusion guidance), and make informed decisions grounded in evidence, rather than assumptions.

How to use the Toolkit


Estimated impact approaches evidence quality
HIGH
(30%+ less violence)
Social skills training
1 2 3 4 5
Sports programmes
1 2 3 4 5
Trauma-specific therapies  
1 2 3 4 5
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
1 2 3 4 5
MODERATE
(10%-30% less violence)
Relationship violence prevention lessons and activities
1 2 3 4 5
Bystander interventions to prevent sexual assault
1 2 3 4 5
Mentoring
1 2 3 4 5
LOW
(2%-9% less violence)
After-school programmes
1 2 3 4 5
Anti-bullying programmes
1 2 3 4 5
Interventions to prevent school exclusion
1 2 3 4 5
Adventure and Wilderness Therapy
1 2 3 4 5
NO CLEAR EVIDENCE
Knife crime education programmes
1 2 3 4 5
Police in schools
1 2 3 4 5
Trauma-informed training and service redesign
1 2 3 4 5
Arts programmes
1 2 3 4 5
HARMFUL
(increased violence)
Prison awareness programmes
1 2 3 4 5

Explore more approaches on YEF’s Toolkit summarising the best available research evidence on preventing children and young people’s involvement in violence.

Social skills training: most effective approach

Evidence from the YEF Toolkit shows that social skills training is one of the most effective approaches for reducing violence among children and young people within both education and health sectors. These programmes focus on helping young people develop their communication skills, emotional regulation and empathy, and manage aggressive or challenging behaviour.

In schools, colleges and alternative provision settings, social skills training can help pupils manage their emotions and build healthier relationships with other young people and adults. The evidence indicates that it has a strong positive effect on reducing violence, and on average, these programmes are associated with a 32% reduction in the number of children involved in crime.

We are confident this is an effective approach because the evidence is drawn from a large number of studies, many of which use robust evaluation methods.

Change the system

How should the education system change to better prevent violence?


We have published a report that provides education policy makers in England and Wales with eight recommendations on what they can do to prevent children’s involvement in violence. These recommendations draw from the best available international evidence, three reviews of policy and practice, and the insights and expertise of our strategic advisory group for education.

Education Practice Insight Creator (EPIC)

EPIC helps education leaders reflect on their current approach to preventing violence and improve it using the best available evidence.


  • Built with and for senior education leaders
  • Takes less than 40 minutes to complete
  • Provides instant insights and tailored recommendations
  • Helps plan improvements as a leadership team
  • 100% of pilot settings completed it easily and found it valuable

Our Strategic Advisory Group for Education

Claire Heald
Director of Education / Academies Enterprise Trust
David Hughes CBE
CEO / Association of Colleges
Dheeraj Chibber
Luton Corporate Director, Children, Families and Education
Gill LaRocque
Head Teacher / Saffron Valley Collegiate
Hamid Patel
Sir Hamid Patel CBE
Chief Executive / Star Academies
Kiran Gill
CEO / The Difference
Leora Cruddas CBE
CEO / Confederation of School Trusts
Martha
Youth Advisory Board member
Sir Martyn Oliver
Chief Inspector / Ofsted
Natalie Perera
CEO / Education Policy Institute
Owen Evans
Chief Inspector / Estyn
Pepe Di’lasio
General Secretary / Association of School and College Leaders
Dame Rachel de Souza
Children’s Commissioner for England / Children’s Commission
Sarah Johnson
President / National Organisation of PRUs and APs

Find out how you can get involved with YEF

You are invited to join our events specifically for the education sector, to see how we can collectively prevent children’s involvement in violence.


Get Involved – YEF Education News

If you’re passionate about improving opportunities and outcomes for young people, and would like to learn more about what works to prevent children’s involvement in violence, then sign-up below to get the latest updates and opportunities.







FAQs

Are all violence prevention programmes effective in schools, colleges and alternative provisions?

The YEF Toolkit brings together the best available evidence on what works to prevent violence. It helps schools, colleges and alternative provision providers understand which approaches are most effective and which show limited or even harmful impact. Research shows that interventions have very different success rates, and we want to help education settings choose the best route based on evidence rather than assumption or popularity.

How confident is YEF in the education evidence base?

Confidence varies by approach. For some interventions, such as social skills training, the evidence is strong and drawn from multiple high-quality studies. For others, such as trauma-specific therapies, the evidence is moderate or mixed. This is clearly reflected in the Toolkit.

We are funding a wide range of projects exploring key questions related to topics including social skills, absence, school exclusion, behaviour and police in schools. Projects include new evaluations, secondary data analysis projects and systems research. 

View all of YEF’s Funding and Evaluation projects.