Children, violence and vulnerability 2024
REPORT 2
What role does social media play in violence affecting young people?
In this second report, we examine teenage children’s experiences of violence on social media. We aim to understand its prevalence, the nature of the content the children encounter and its impact on their lives.
Here’s what we found.
Violence is widespread on social media.
70%
of respondents have encountered real-world violence online in the past 12 months.
The most frequently observed content is footage of fights involving young people, with 56% of respondents reporting that they’ve seen such videos.
Other common types of violence witnessed online include threats of physical harm (43%) and content related to gang activity (33%) and weapons (35%). Notably, one in nine children who say they’ve encountered weapon-related content have seen footage involving zombie knives or machetes — a figure significantly higher than the 1% of 13–17-year-olds who’ve reported that they carry such weapons, as highlighted in our first report. This suggests that social media may amplify fear by making certain behaviours appear more widespread than they are.
Sexually violent content or threats have been reported by more than a quarter of teenage children (27%). For the second year in a row, TikTok is the platform where children are most likely to witness violent content.
While the majority of teenage children encounter violent content online, few actively seek it out.
Alarmingly, 25% of children have reported that the social media platforms themselves promote this violent content through features like ‘Newsfeed’, ‘Stories’ and the ‘For You Page’.
Seeing violence online has real-world impacts.
Viewing violent content online has impacts that extend far beyond the screen. The vast majority (80%) of teenage children who encounter weapons-related content on social media say it makes them feel less safe in their local communities. This perceived threat has tangible consequences – 68% of teenagers who’ve seen weapons on social media say it makes them less likely to venture outside, and 39% admit that it makes them more likely to carry a weapon themselves.
The influence of social media doesn’t stop there. Nearly two-thirds (64%) of teenagers who report perpetrating violence in the past year say that social media has played a role in their behaviour. Factors like online arguments and the escalation of existing conflicts are commonly cited as catalysts for real-world violence.
It’s so easy to see this real-life crime, and it’s so easy to see without even trying to search for it. You see it every day. And yeah, social media plays a massive part in promoting this violence… I saw violence at home. I saw violence at school, and I saw violence on social media… so it was pretty much just everywhere I looked was violence. So, there’s kind of only one way I can go.
Tommy*, Youth Endowment Fund Youth Advisory Board member
*Name has been changed
Children support limiting access to phones and social media.
The widespread exposure to real-world violence online may partly explain why many teenagers believe that access to social media should come later than access to smartphones.
Our findings highlight the responsibility of social media companies to remove or restrict harmful content. They also point to the need for effective support and education to help children navigate these dangers while still benefiting from the positive aspects that social media can offer.